Block #581,460

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 6/8/2014, 6:51:25 PM · Difficulty 10.9622 · 6,222,283 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3c0112319313c8b01a0ef1e802e9a9f4a63a3a992b671b93f727ce6eb52b0bb1

Height

#581,460

Difficulty

10.962151

Transactions

1

Size

797 B

Version

2

Bits

0af64f8b

Nonce

200,719

Timestamp

6/8/2014, 6:51:25 PM

Confirmations

6,222,283

Merkle Root

02cdb1b089d83d503d2d9ac097750cbc866c7c5309fcb6e89c6b19a2571a949d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.225 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
32259410383756240908…84460556426007336001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.225 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
32259410383756240908…84460556426007336001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.451 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
64518820767512481816…68921112852014672001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.290 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12903764153502496363…37842225704029344001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.580 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
25807528307004992726…75684451408058688001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.161 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
51615056614009985453…51368902816117376001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.032 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10323011322801997090…02737805632234752001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.064 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
20646022645603994181…05475611264469504001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.129 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
41292045291207988362…10951222528939008001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.258 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
82584090582415976724…21902445057878016001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.651 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16516818116483195344…43804890115756032001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,673,981 XPM·at block #6,803,742 · updates every 60s
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