Block #576,636

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/4/2014, 5:57:20 PM · Difficulty 10.9688 · 6,233,922 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f289aa235a432d110cf551b02c553f4eb839f8a3a9786beb4bc9810b038263c8

Height

#576,636

Difficulty

10.968793

Transactions

7

Size

1.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af802cd

Nonce

817,334,467

Timestamp

6/4/2014, 5:57:20 PM

Confirmations

6,233,922

Merkle Root

5f17726166f6976c8ebf5748e7cae1be437022745b4dc95aa44cc36aa3a2a899
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.676 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36767933344726422191…51095664044414050879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.676 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36767933344726422191…51095664044414050879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.676 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36767933344726422191…51095664044414050881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.353 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73535866689452844383…02191328088828101759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.353 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73535866689452844383…02191328088828101761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.470 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14707173337890568876…04382656177656203519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.470 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14707173337890568876…04382656177656203521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.941 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29414346675781137753…08765312355312407039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.941 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29414346675781137753…08765312355312407041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.882 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58828693351562275507…17530624710624814079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.882 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58828693351562275507…17530624710624814081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.176 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11765738670312455101…35061249421249628159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,728,553 XPM·at block #6,810,557 · updates every 60s
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