Block #572,592

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/2/2014, 4:59:17 AM · Difficulty 10.9661 · 6,237,612 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1c8dfb9d03c709c20d40133844d1516522088dee2a20e1e5f5a3fc2ae2432096

Height

#572,592

Difficulty

10.966139

Transactions

14

Size

5.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af754df

Nonce

1,432,442,111

Timestamp

6/2/2014, 4:59:17 AM

Confirmations

6,237,612

Merkle Root

b8a9307211c6a02562269df69a9a75f4f1a52275a8924dec2b72696441fafb24
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
75518114916181732797…40664587892029194239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
75518114916181732797…40664587892029194239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
75518114916181732797…40664587892029194241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.510 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15103622983236346559…81329175784058388479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.510 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15103622983236346559…81329175784058388481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.020 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
30207245966472693119…62658351568116776959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.020 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
30207245966472693119…62658351568116776961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.041 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
60414491932945386238…25316703136233553919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.041 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
60414491932945386238…25316703136233553921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.208 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12082898386589077247…50633406272467107839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.208 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12082898386589077247…50633406272467107841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.416 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
24165796773178154495…01266812544934215679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,725,705 XPM·at block #6,810,203 · updates every 60s
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