Block #566,460

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/28/2014, 10:40:00 PM · Difficulty 10.9660 · 6,249,826 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b7e4da13093410bf6be20b4e9f8caaf75a8fe8cc2b1647851f88d3abc834f005

Height

#566,460

Difficulty

10.966004

Transactions

6

Size

1.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af74c0c

Nonce

302,243,619

Timestamp

5/28/2014, 10:40:00 PM

Confirmations

6,249,826

Merkle Root

a2d3b8457b1e3e55e36f173981b3f8dd773cd561a3513f4dae372bd33d1f47ed
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.705 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
67058634781102518019…12177733958828031999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.705 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
67058634781102518019…12177733958828031999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.705 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
67058634781102518019…12177733958828032001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.341 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13411726956220503603…24355467917656063999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.341 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13411726956220503603…24355467917656064001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.682 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26823453912441007207…48710935835312127999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.682 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26823453912441007207…48710935835312128001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.364 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
53646907824882014415…97421871670624255999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.364 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
53646907824882014415…97421871670624256001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.072 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10729381564976402883…94843743341248511999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.072 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10729381564976402883…94843743341248512001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,774,405 XPM·at block #6,816,285 · updates every 60s
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