Block #560,045

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/24/2014, 2:08:16 PM · Difficulty 10.9648 · 6,248,570 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
37ff4c9202fe338213fc5d23b80a2352d4f103b796dd40405c468ffc631efcc2

Height

#560,045

Difficulty

10.964815

Transactions

2

Size

1.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af6fe22

Nonce

46,670,234

Timestamp

5/24/2014, 2:08:16 PM

Confirmations

6,248,570

Merkle Root

e2f2981509d797749849562fada3dfd0bd44d67541ea4ca84542d405f3801071
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out8.3270 XPM116 B
12 in → 1 out89.7300 XPM1.78 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.213 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12130471007978885005…25594591596134379521
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.213 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12130471007978885005…25594591596134379521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.426 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24260942015957770010…51189183192268759041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.852 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
48521884031915540021…02378366384537518081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.704 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
97043768063831080043…04756732769075036161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.940 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19408753612766216008…09513465538150072321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.881 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
38817507225532432017…19026931076300144641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.763 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
77635014451064864034…38053862152600289281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.552 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
15527002890212972806…76107724305200578561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.105 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
31054005780425945613…52215448610401157121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.210 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
62108011560851891227…04430897220802314241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.242 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12421602312170378245…08861794441604628481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,712,970 XPM·at block #6,808,614 · updates every 60s
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