Block #555,624

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/21/2014, 4:45:24 PM · Difficulty 10.9628 · 6,249,343 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cc9585d8750c4242e139b1b5bf33e508f05419a4e4485580320809f5d175d86d

Height

#555,624

Difficulty

10.962845

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af67d05

Nonce

48,691,765

Timestamp

5/21/2014, 4:45:24 PM

Confirmations

6,249,343

Merkle Root

c1f73e5b681c87844b656680dcaa8ac49673e0e051eee95a226c0cf465d8a013
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.464 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34645548787436590137…12372748398636249599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.464 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34645548787436590137…12372748398636249599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.464 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34645548787436590137…12372748398636249601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.929 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69291097574873180275…24745496797272499199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.929 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69291097574873180275…24745496797272499201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.385 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13858219514974636055…49490993594544998399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.385 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13858219514974636055…49490993594544998401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.771 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27716439029949272110…98981987189089996799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.771 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27716439029949272110…98981987189089996801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.543 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55432878059898544220…97963974378179993599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.543 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55432878059898544220…97963974378179993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,683,804 XPM·at block #6,804,966 · updates every 60s
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