Block #550,089

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/17/2014, 11:31:22 PM · Difficulty 10.9613 · 6,252,934 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
57e0caa68a834111d923a2116b55dac594d883b1da5e46d0466d3878c45d5ba3

Height

#550,089

Difficulty

10.961287

Transactions

8

Size

3.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af616ed

Nonce

165,307,200

Timestamp

5/17/2014, 11:31:22 PM

Confirmations

6,252,934

Merkle Root

8bd9b479ce57713633c6f816fb7d1baf1e2c9495effd18d6e64203f3556c356a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.942 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89423264596347089330…58924570725532303359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.942 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89423264596347089330…58924570725532303359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.942 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89423264596347089330…58924570725532303361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.788 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17884652919269417866…17849141451064606719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.788 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17884652919269417866…17849141451064606721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.576 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35769305838538835732…35698282902129213439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.576 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35769305838538835732…35698282902129213441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.153 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71538611677077671464…71396565804258426879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.153 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71538611677077671464…71396565804258426881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.430 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14307722335415534292…42793131608516853759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.430 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14307722335415534292…42793131608516853761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,668,214 XPM·at block #6,803,022 · updates every 60s
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