Block #526,717

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/5/2014, 1:44:30 PM · Difficulty 10.8832 · 6,276,561 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
316a6bdc6311640a25c510d486c5ca07a78ccfe8f5adab57167e6120e944026f

Height

#526,717

Difficulty

10.883212

Transactions

7

Size

1.82 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae21a35

Nonce

464,929

Timestamp

5/5/2014, 1:44:30 PM

Confirmations

6,276,561

Merkle Root

8ce81c83ad0e4150e0bfe0de36ba40922352d5e4a329bd5da7255401668b7975
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.639 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96391110949336348510…56979901439361066239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.639 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96391110949336348510…56979901439361066239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.639 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96391110949336348510…56979901439361066241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.927 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19278222189867269702…13959802878722132479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.927 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19278222189867269702…13959802878722132481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.855 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38556444379734539404…27919605757444264959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.855 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38556444379734539404…27919605757444264961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.711 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77112888759469078808…55839211514888529919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.711 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77112888759469078808…55839211514888529921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.542 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15422577751893815761…11678423029777059839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.542 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15422577751893815761…11678423029777059841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,670,250 XPM·at block #6,803,277 · updates every 60s
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