Block #525,357

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/4/2014, 5:39:29 PM · Difficulty 10.8794 · 6,281,871 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
2213a74f76a232da724c5d5963b8d9c36896168b5c432e21141d8dab51599405

Height

#525,357

Difficulty

10.879444

Transactions

4

Size

2.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae1233a

Nonce

295,861,364

Timestamp

5/4/2014, 5:39:29 PM

Confirmations

6,281,871

Merkle Root

d8eb708a4303fde8d402c517328b19bccd5ab074d92896a1172d5ed95aee8a6a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.305 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
13050026303557342259…36771055953634116321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.305 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
13050026303557342259…36771055953634116321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.610 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
26100052607114684518…73542111907268232641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.220 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
52200105214229369037…47084223814536465281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.044 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
10440021042845873807…94168447629072930561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.088 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
20880042085691747614…88336895258145861121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.176 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
41760084171383495229…76673790516291722241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.352 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
83520168342766990459…53347581032583444481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.670 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
16704033668553398091…06695162065166888961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.340 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33408067337106796183…13390324130333777921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.681 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
66816134674213592367…26780648260667555841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,701,840 XPM·at block #6,807,227 · updates every 60s
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