Block #523,279

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/3/2014, 12:30:41 PM · Difficulty 10.8712 · 6,279,505 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b09b1ed2b412d547ef7620507a457adcfe5138af25401c250058d0f86f8b8de2

Height

#523,279

Difficulty

10.871176

Transactions

3

Size

806 B

Version

2

Bits

0adf055f

Nonce

24,228,853

Timestamp

5/3/2014, 12:30:41 PM

Confirmations

6,279,505

Merkle Root

0766e8ada77dda783ac74b42e7cb9674cca41696a0c11ad5a0d80ba7e555fe69
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.572 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15721455682558871058…97962228130160434561
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.572 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15721455682558871058…97962228130160434561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.144 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31442911365117742116…95924456260320869121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.288 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62885822730235484233…91848912520641738241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.257 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12577164546047096846…83697825041283476481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.515 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25154329092094193693…67395650082566952961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.030 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50308658184188387386…34791300165133905921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.006 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10061731636837677477…69582600330267811841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.012 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20123463273675354954…39165200660535623681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.024 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40246926547350709909…78330401321071247361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.049 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80493853094701419819…56660802642142494721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,666,297 XPM·at block #6,802,783 · updates every 60s
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