Block #518,987

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/30/2014, 11:14:42 PM · Difficulty 10.8543 · 6,276,378 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d38a7baf472b9597f4f5ead14c4ac4b554f610ccdb79bc5ae07390c273a39f5d

Height

#518,987

Difficulty

10.854302

Transactions

4

Size

886 B

Version

2

Bits

0adab385

Nonce

139,626,909

Timestamp

4/30/2014, 11:14:42 PM

Confirmations

6,276,378

Merkle Root

3b5713562c11ff4e16dc03e3360e76fa04d8b125381adce4eb8232344a0e4bd0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.903 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69035917691993982130…38991103109916262401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.903 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69035917691993982130…38991103109916262401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.380 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13807183538398796426…77982206219832524801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.761 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27614367076797592852…55964412439665049601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.522 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
55228734153595185704…11928824879330099201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.104 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11045746830719037140…23857649758660198401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.209 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
22091493661438074281…47715299517320396801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.418 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
44182987322876148563…95430599034640793601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.836 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
88365974645752297127…90861198069281587201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.767 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
17673194929150459425…81722396138563174401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.534 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
35346389858300918850…63444792277126348801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,606,976 XPM·at block #6,795,364 · updates every 60s
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