Block #516,419

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/29/2014, 8:35:29 AM · Difficulty 10.8467 · 6,283,939 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
37a1e30dcf587a16eee93b4b48f709b9be9f8393ff659753cf05d82ecabf92a5

Height

#516,419

Difficulty

10.846690

Transactions

4

Size

886 B

Version

2

Bits

0ad8c0ae

Nonce

41,697,598

Timestamp

4/29/2014, 8:35:29 AM

Confirmations

6,283,939

Merkle Root

a8be4a1d0dc6fe9c18ce897190c9e908bd763853ac740589a9b1cce996bc0515
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.026 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20265054284286740876…70226015627620492001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.026 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20265054284286740876…70226015627620492001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.053 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
40530108568573481753…40452031255240984001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.106 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
81060217137146963506…80904062510481968001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.621 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16212043427429392701…61808125020963936001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.242 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32424086854858785402…23616250041927872001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.484 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
64848173709717570804…47232500083855744001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.296 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12969634741943514160…94465000167711488001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.593 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25939269483887028321…88930000335422976001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.187 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
51878538967774056643…77860000670845952001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.037 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10375707793554811328…55720001341691904001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,646,922 XPM·at block #6,800,357 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.