Block #514,031

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/27/2014, 9:47:23 PM · Difficulty 10.8372 · 6,296,787 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
9506f844c14666771c8ddae098751b1568861c96485f6e06c1a2d7ed78a580f5

Height

#514,031

Difficulty

10.837202

Transactions

1

Size

800 B

Version

2

Bits

0ad652e5

Nonce

375,345

Timestamp

4/27/2014, 9:47:23 PM

Confirmations

6,296,787

Merkle Root

d2767e410a14ba292cbcc0edb654054e29a047b885454ed39293caab88b282da
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.195 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11957904233732079142…77339971389095584161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.195 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11957904233732079142…77339971389095584161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.391 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23915808467464158285…54679942778191168321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.783 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47831616934928316570…09359885556382336641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.566 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95663233869856633141…18719771112764673281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.913 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19132646773971326628…37439542225529346561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.826 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38265293547942653256…74879084451058693121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.653 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76530587095885306513…49758168902117386241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.530 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15306117419177061302…99516337804234772481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.061 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30612234838354122605…99032675608469544961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.122 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61224469676708245210…98065351216939089921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,730,645 XPM·at block #6,810,817 · updates every 60s
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