Block #513,278

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/27/2014, 10:34:48 AM · Difficulty 10.8345 · 6,292,393 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ab3907a815a0c60927dd22b94845881a046ce2d463f128e202043aef5e9f45c2

Height

#513,278

Difficulty

10.834498

Transactions

5

Size

1.38 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad5a1ae

Nonce

82,565,728

Timestamp

4/27/2014, 10:34:48 AM

Confirmations

6,292,393

Merkle Root

902b0735c91a1058e7d18c2592d4b7d7d57eb01f0b16b723b564bf451e934a6a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.046 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20468637991543549206…47871299775613917441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.046 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20468637991543549206…47871299775613917441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.093 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
40937275983087098413…95742599551227834881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.187 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
81874551966174196826…91485199102455669761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.637 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16374910393234839365…82970398204911339521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.274 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32749820786469678730…65940796409822679041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.549 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
65499641572939357461…31881592819645358081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.309 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13099928314587871492…63763185639290716161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.619 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26199856629175742984…27526371278581432321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.239 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
52399713258351485968…55052742557162864641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.047 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10479942651670297193…10105485114325729281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,689,446 XPM·at block #6,805,670 · updates every 60s
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