Block #512,676

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/27/2014, 12:41:30 AM · Difficulty 10.8342 · 6,295,295 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d8519f59e13d524ef903c2b6d076a48d40f910136273261a5133f68d045daadf

Height

#512,676

Difficulty

10.834204

Transactions

1

Size

836 B

Version

2

Bits

0ad58e67

Nonce

161,073

Timestamp

4/27/2014, 12:41:30 AM

Confirmations

6,295,295

Merkle Root

4ad099a678cf4be62718bfd877ad687ff0a5d201a9bdf93440b21ede1d8dc4fc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.644 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66448537446324142837…39860845326732860801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.644 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66448537446324142837…39860845326732860801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.328 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13289707489264828567…79721690653465721601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.657 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26579414978529657135…59443381306931443201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.315 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
53158829957059314270…18886762613862886401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.063 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10631765991411862854…37773525227725772801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.126 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21263531982823725708…75547050455451545601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.252 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
42527063965647451416…51094100910903091201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.505 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
85054127931294902832…02188201821806182401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.701 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17010825586258980566…04376403643612364801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.402 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
34021651172517961132…08752807287224729601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,707,812 XPM·at block #6,807,970 · updates every 60s
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