Block #512,028

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/26/2014, 3:05:47 PM · Difficulty 10.8318 · 6,304,569 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a785cf45c582e7104133337c7c97007bfd6ad4f3049478afbc7e76c405ea082c

Height

#512,028

Difficulty

10.831784

Transactions

2

Size

1.15 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad4efcd

Nonce

12,067,097

Timestamp

4/26/2014, 3:05:47 PM

Confirmations

6,304,569

Merkle Root

d131b76529ed8684586c26e5396a01ffaf008ba102c84d6374eb73f62a526957
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.584 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
55843016783997401210…25866472319351780641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.584 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
55843016783997401210…25866472319351780641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.116 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11168603356799480242…51732944638703561281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.233 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22337206713598960484…03465889277407122561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.467 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
44674413427197920968…06931778554814245121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.934 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
89348826854395841936…13863557109628490241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.786 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17869765370879168387…27727114219256980481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.573 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
35739530741758336774…55454228438513960961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.147 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
71479061483516673549…10908456877027921921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.429 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14295812296703334709…21816913754055843841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.859 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
28591624593406669419…43633827508111687681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,776,901 XPM·at block #6,816,596 · updates every 60s
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