Block #511,917

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/26/2014, 1:26:24 PM · Difficulty 10.8314 · 6,282,617 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
40013f5cb2e6691bd7bd20357222ae213ebe76c999c4052f65f6e53580628b32

Height

#511,917

Difficulty

10.831355

Transactions

5

Size

2.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad4d3b2

Nonce

249,092

Timestamp

4/26/2014, 1:26:24 PM

Confirmations

6,282,617

Merkle Root

6cae4b7cb35861667f4b60e9a11f9fa461b059c24878c8a2d0c0dfe960685db0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.073 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20731471285573033375…89025037643328448321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.073 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20731471285573033375…89025037643328448321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.146 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41462942571146066750…78050075286656896641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.292 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82925885142292133501…56100150573313793281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.658 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16585177028458426700…12200301146627586561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.317 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33170354056916853400…24400602293255173121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.634 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
66340708113833706801…48801204586510346241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.326 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13268141622766741360…97602409173020692481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.653 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26536283245533482720…95204818346041384961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.307 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
53072566491066965440…90409636692082769921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.061 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10614513298213393088…80819273384165539841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,600,312 XPM·at block #6,794,533 · updates every 60s
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