Block #511,851

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/26/2014, 12:16:47 PM · Difficulty 10.8314 · 6,299,225 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
6f2a49a137317c1c1b2db6e91364812f0d49e12e62dd5f674fd70d406634d2fa

Height

#511,851

Difficulty

10.831448

Transactions

1

Size

732 B

Version

2

Bits

0ad4d9c4

Nonce

49,517

Timestamp

4/26/2014, 12:16:47 PM

Confirmations

6,299,225

Merkle Root

66a6101c8c413582edf0cbcf5231fe6ad5b1ff0e40eff9c7c7d4acd20e33e96e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.565 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45651917920363480339…46766074066213334851
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.565 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45651917920363480339…46766074066213334851
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.130 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
91303835840726960679…93532148132426669701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.826 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18260767168145392135…87064296264853339401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.652 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36521534336290784271…74128592529706678801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.304 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73043068672581568543…48257185059413357601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.460 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14608613734516313708…96514370118826715201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.921 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29217227469032627417…93028740237653430401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.843 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58434454938065254834…86057480475306860801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.168 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11686890987613050966…72114960950613721601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.337 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
23373781975226101933…44229921901227443201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,732,714 XPM·at block #6,811,075 · updates every 60s
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