Block #510,891

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/25/2014, 10:11:51 PM · Difficulty 10.8277 · 6,294,193 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8b5a0927ed79b7bd36a5816be3df1a04a2cc3f32ad2e6278756a739b53dce002

Height

#510,891

Difficulty

10.827702

Transactions

4

Size

1.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad3e443

Nonce

68,546

Timestamp

4/25/2014, 10:11:51 PM

Confirmations

6,294,193

Merkle Root

d06bef4a0d3edb36760c4b28213060af42df44059d553f490c36cb1a7971340c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.402 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
64029299132088574954…97972708253764224241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.402 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
64029299132088574954…97972708253764224241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.280 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12805859826417714990…95945416507528448481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.561 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
25611719652835429981…91890833015056896961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.122 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
51223439305670859963…83781666030113793921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.024 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10244687861134171992…67563332060227587841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.048 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
20489375722268343985…35126664120455175681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.097 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
40978751444536687970…70253328240910351361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.195 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
81957502889073375941…40506656481820702721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.639 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16391500577814675188…81013312963641405441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.278 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
32783001155629350376…62026625927282810881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
6.556 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
65566002311258700753…24053251854565621761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,684,736 XPM·at block #6,805,083 · updates every 60s
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