Block #510,613

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/25/2014, 6:22:35 PM · Difficulty 10.8259 · 6,305,610 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
257a9a49f2eb5567dadd9f20b3ecf48d1ffd0f50eeb03d7c6a4a70a967250452

Height

#510,613

Difficulty

10.825861

Transactions

9

Size

2.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad36b9f

Nonce

1,008,757

Timestamp

4/25/2014, 6:22:35 PM

Confirmations

6,305,610

Merkle Root

ad87fd956a7d5a5b3b7cd9b24bca70e1a97ff68c0ee9d88766ca0a2c80484ac0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.575 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25755157312965583761…22155083561576732801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.575 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25755157312965583761…22155083561576732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.151 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
51510314625931167523…44310167123153465601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.030 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10302062925186233504…88620334246306931201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.060 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
20604125850372467009…77240668492613862401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.120 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
41208251700744934018…54481336985227724801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.241 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
82416503401489868037…08962673970455449601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.648 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16483300680297973607…17925347940910899201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.296 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
32966601360595947214…35850695881821798401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.593 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
65933202721191894429…71701391763643596801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.318 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13186640544238378885…43402783527287193601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,773,912 XPM·at block #6,816,222 · updates every 60s
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