Block #507,759

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/23/2014, 10:46:41 PM · Difficulty 10.8173 · 6,293,146 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8beb2f4775729567ed6f38805c8bcb97d10c755f743a935d204eb04896333bc6

Height

#507,759

Difficulty

10.817305

Transactions

9

Size

2.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad13ae4

Nonce

756,953

Timestamp

4/23/2014, 10:46:41 PM

Confirmations

6,293,146

Merkle Root

2e064aff9bb8b5efb8cc5911689defceec0e4a0361becd6ca7895ce672432c99
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.200 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32008997045609723572…59502867339423025439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.200 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32008997045609723572…59502867339423025439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.200 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32008997045609723572…59502867339423025441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.401 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
64017994091219447144…19005734678846050879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.401 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
64017994091219447144…19005734678846050881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.280 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12803598818243889428…38011469357692101759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.280 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12803598818243889428…38011469357692101761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.560 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25607197636487778857…76022938715384203519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.560 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25607197636487778857…76022938715384203521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.121 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
51214395272975557715…52045877430768407039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.121 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
51214395272975557715…52045877430768407041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,651,300 XPM·at block #6,800,904 · updates every 60s
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