Block #507,742

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/23/2014, 10:35:56 PM · Difficulty 10.8171 · 6,305,283 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
99968eb89c6d7173e38300e6455d247754dd1105933d3fd981ab7f5d2421abe1

Height

#507,742

Difficulty

10.817110

Transactions

9

Size

2.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad12e23

Nonce

122,478,521

Timestamp

4/23/2014, 10:35:56 PM

Confirmations

6,305,283

Merkle Root

7d9edb3e917b51f8ff0a480d9a4020816809d1fd9b9243edab30456f02f30c2e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.726 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
77267498357881265020…99094408166741186239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.726 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
77267498357881265020…99094408166741186239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.726 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
77267498357881265020…99094408166741186241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.545 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15453499671576253004…98188816333482372479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.545 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15453499671576253004…98188816333482372481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.090 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30906999343152506008…96377632666964744959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.090 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30906999343152506008…96377632666964744961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.181 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
61813998686305012016…92755265333929489919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.181 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
61813998686305012016…92755265333929489921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.236 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12362799737261002403…85510530667858979839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.236 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12362799737261002403…85510530667858979841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,748,242 XPM·at block #6,813,024 · updates every 60s
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