Block #506,924

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/23/2014, 9:35:51 AM · Difficulty 10.8157 · 6,301,138 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
648dab97d779c78dd219c4ba63016cda5bc8d2dd5059fd337efa5c73f260b4a3

Height

#506,924

Difficulty

10.815650

Transactions

8

Size

1.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad0ce73

Nonce

14,937,251

Timestamp

4/23/2014, 9:35:51 AM

Confirmations

6,301,138

Merkle Root

6ab20ed94f8f17b31877c52dfebfd9fd342e0d34e333084afcdd917915e52748
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.250 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82506755022437798156…52056915316244928639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.250 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82506755022437798156…52056915316244928639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.250 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82506755022437798156…52056915316244928641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.650 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16501351004487559631…04113830632489857279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.650 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16501351004487559631…04113830632489857281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.300 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33002702008975119262…08227661264979714559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.300 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33002702008975119262…08227661264979714561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.600 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
66005404017950238525…16455322529959429119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.600 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
66005404017950238525…16455322529959429121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.320 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13201080803590047705…32910645059918858239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.320 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13201080803590047705…32910645059918858241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,708,540 XPM·at block #6,808,061 · updates every 60s
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