Block #504,084

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/21/2014, 1:35:31 PM · Difficulty 10.8076 · 6,306,932 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fb929fc39cf1ca3e1e63343f24f1e52740850aefd9d2b5b91c1892912ed1ce93

Height

#504,084

Difficulty

10.807552

Transactions

8

Size

2.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0acebbbd

Nonce

6,735

Timestamp

4/21/2014, 1:35:31 PM

Confirmations

6,306,932

Merkle Root

410199314a9ff616a34d92fe291bd74fb8960ae7edabe86d96b158bdd539a897
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.255 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
82554543198134452622…49875028851408105879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.255 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
82554543198134452622…49875028851408105879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.255 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
82554543198134452622…49875028851408105881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.651 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16510908639626890524…99750057702816211759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.651 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16510908639626890524…99750057702816211761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.302 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33021817279253781049…99500115405632423519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.302 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33021817279253781049…99500115405632423521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.604 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
66043634558507562098…99000230811264847039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.604 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
66043634558507562098…99000230811264847041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.320 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13208726911701512419…98000461622529694079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.320 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13208726911701512419…98000461622529694081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,234 XPM·at block #6,811,015 · updates every 60s
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