Block #501,777

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/20/2014, 12:13:59 AM · Difficulty 10.8049 · 6,299,665 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
f91495ca91bbb64c29f163adb422c07c29c91dc60b59182ed4fd2207b45bb0f2

Height

#501,777

Difficulty

10.804869

Transactions

2

Size

418 B

Version

2

Bits

0ace0be4

Nonce

399,274

Timestamp

4/20/2014, 12:13:59 AM

Confirmations

6,299,665

Merkle Root

3e8bf7df04d31ca19657f4ca066106021ee74fede79818320cd3bd3e52efa185
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.596 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45963461155626689965…95989186278266619841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.596 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45963461155626689965…95989186278266619841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.192 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
91926922311253379931…91978372556533239681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.838 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18385384462250675986…83956745113066479361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.677 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
36770768924501351972…67913490226132958721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.354 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
73541537849002703945…35826980452265917441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.470 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14708307569800540789…71653960904531834881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.941 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29416615139601081578…43307921809063669761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.883 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
58833230279202163156…86615843618127339521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.176 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11766646055840432631…73231687236254679041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.353 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
23533292111680865262…46463374472509358081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,655,609 XPM·at block #6,801,441 · updates every 60s
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