Block #498,573

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/18/2014, 4:25:53 AM · Difficulty 10.7810 · 6,317,462 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
265fa39c9e72733a68e84c8109b0ca9ad4e200a45bd30bb8faa011843b38dfb0

Height

#498,573

Difficulty

10.780961

Transactions

2

Size

616 B

Version

2

Bits

0ac7ed0e

Nonce

40,045

Timestamp

4/18/2014, 4:25:53 AM

Confirmations

6,317,462

Merkle Root

55fd4b63cbd5bb4fea516f3e8cd29daddb927a7f91e574c09162e9a2dd08e931
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.016 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10168923312828166632…60691115623235895201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.016 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10168923312828166632…60691115623235895201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.033 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20337846625656333264…21382231246471790401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.067 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
40675693251312666529…42764462492943580801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.135 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
81351386502625333058…85528924985887161601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.627 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16270277300525066611…71057849971774323201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.254 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32540554601050133223…42115699943548646401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.508 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
65081109202100266446…84231399887097292801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.301 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13016221840420053289…68462799774194585601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.603 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26032443680840106578…36925599548389171201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.206 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
52064887361680213157…73851199096778342401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,772,394 XPM·at block #6,816,034 · updates every 60s
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