Block #492,192

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/14/2014, 11:16:34 PM · Difficulty 10.6886 · 6,317,122 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
51628427956d7af2fc412283d36e3e554b65515bc3aeeeef24573719ca5af40c

Height

#492,192

Difficulty

10.688574

Transactions

7

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab04660

Nonce

8,898

Timestamp

4/14/2014, 11:16:34 PM

Confirmations

6,317,122

Merkle Root

4171fcb7e44579e44965b0b0eb77f41672e852fc98e1d3c148cef7b823ac771c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.637 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
86374837825798803154…72648165809053225199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.637 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
86374837825798803154…72648165809053225199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.637 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
86374837825798803154…72648165809053225201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.727 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17274967565159760630…45296331618106450399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.727 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17274967565159760630…45296331618106450401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.454 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34549935130319521261…90592663236212900799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.454 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34549935130319521261…90592663236212900801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.909 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69099870260639042523…81185326472425801599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.909 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69099870260639042523…81185326472425801601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.381 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13819974052127808504…62370652944851603199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.381 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13819974052127808504…62370652944851603201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,718,578 XPM·at block #6,809,313 · updates every 60s
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