Block #491,656

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/14/2014, 3:28:36 PM · Difficulty 10.6841 · 6,332,842 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
0aee016f165388a6977ff1ece14402db103cc5d3fda1856a43851faa2aa6eeea

Height

#491,656

Difficulty

10.684110

Transactions

4

Size

2.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aaf21cd

Nonce

167,774,120

Timestamp

4/14/2014, 3:28:36 PM

Confirmations

6,332,842

Merkle Root

e99366831ed3e6cd89eb2b197e27c860782253a33053dd3e7c8da247030f290e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.661 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26613544031644970362…09919290447364623361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.661 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26613544031644970362…09919290447364623361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.322 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53227088063289940725…19838580894729246721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.064 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10645417612657988145…39677161789458493441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.129 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21290835225315976290…79354323578916986881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.258 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42581670450631952580…58708647157833973761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.516 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
85163340901263905160…17417294315667947521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.703 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17032668180252781032…34834588631335895041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.406 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34065336360505562064…69669177262671790081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.813 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68130672721011124128…39338354525343580161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.362 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13626134544202224825…78676709050687160321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,840,057 XPM·at block #6,824,497 · updates every 60s
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