Block #491,630

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/14/2014, 3:06:59 PM · Difficulty 10.6837 · 6,307,679 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a0357083416fc840bdcfb7015af47ee6623bb71aaf9582c8bc17fafaccc3c242

Height

#491,630

Difficulty

10.683725

Transactions

1

Size

868 B

Version

2

Bits

0aaf0897

Nonce

122

Timestamp

4/14/2014, 3:06:59 PM

Confirmations

6,307,679

Merkle Root

53259237e50b0995feeb04275af7c84cc39466f878dcb35627ed1128d7f6f001
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.789 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47898777358776104983…87737084063449866241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.789 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47898777358776104983…87737084063449866241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.579 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95797554717552209967…75474168126899732481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.915 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19159510943510441993…50948336253799464961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.831 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38319021887020883987…01896672507598929921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.663 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76638043774041767974…03793345015197859841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.532 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15327608754808353594…07586690030395719681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.065 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30655217509616707189…15173380060791439361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.131 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61310435019233414379…30346760121582878721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.226 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12262087003846682875…60693520243165757441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.452 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24524174007693365751…21387040486331514881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,638,518 XPM·at block #6,799,308 · updates every 60s
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