Block #488,190

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/12/2014, 2:08:19 PM · Difficulty 10.6502 · 6,315,565 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
327b1d63ffa51ba361d1495b6b8a9af9a0f3ebf4ac650993ce54ffa5f3fa813e

Height

#488,190

Difficulty

10.650218

Transactions

2

Size

1008 B

Version

2

Bits

0aa674b8

Nonce

127,169

Timestamp

4/12/2014, 2:08:19 PM

Confirmations

6,315,565

Merkle Root

92fbe09bd8c062a8914e5f50fdecfdd731fbf8aeb6dab1c8cc266da1d4d8678c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.478 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
54785506211837908112…79411429387040639761
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.478 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
54785506211837908112…79411429387040639761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.095 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10957101242367581622…58822858774081279521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.191 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21914202484735163244…17645717548162559041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.382 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
43828404969470326489…35291435096325118081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.765 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
87656809938940652979…70582870192650236161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.753 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
17531361987788130595…41165740385300472321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.506 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
35062723975576261191…82331480770600944641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.012 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
70125447951152522383…64662961541201889281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.402 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
14025089590230504476…29325923082403778561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.805 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
28050179180461008953…58651846164807557121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,674,079 XPM·at block #6,803,754 · updates every 60s
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