Block #488,134

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/12/2014, 1:28:40 PM · Difficulty 10.6489 · 6,306,810 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
14f8fb42efb801dbfe4c1e6c886f153ad4255109e0736b63a2cf688a5c4602bd

Height

#488,134

Difficulty

10.648873

Transactions

7

Size

35.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aa61c89

Nonce

76,327,173

Timestamp

4/12/2014, 1:28:40 PM

Confirmations

6,306,810

Merkle Root

d343c0af7dfc5e2f6542d05d07d7ecd50ba886b3e6f740897bf792a0978deb43
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.640 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
36406602006844774008…30209355010602229761
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.640 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
36406602006844774008…30209355010602229761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.281 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
72813204013689548016…60418710021204459521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.456 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14562640802737909603…20837420042408919041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.912 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29125281605475819206…41674840084817838081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.825 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
58250563210951638413…83349680169635676161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.165 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11650112642190327682…66699360339271352321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.330 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23300225284380655365…33398720678542704641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.660 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
46600450568761310730…66797441357085409281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.320 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
93200901137522621460…33594882714170818561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.864 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
18640180227504524292…67189765428341637121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
3.728 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
37280360455009048584…34379530856683274241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,603,587 XPM·at block #6,794,943 · updates every 60s
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