Block #487,821

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/12/2014, 9:06:16 AM · Difficulty 10.6453 · 6,320,061 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
af10e64f2036f498183bc2113558f243c35c193390198939a176a5984035c48b

Height

#487,821

Difficulty

10.645275

Transactions

7

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aa530ba

Nonce

106,007

Timestamp

4/12/2014, 9:06:16 AM

Confirmations

6,320,061

Merkle Root

141f75ee01f6d3b51a5f57346c2f6fe32145a846050bc614464354ea139ba0cc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.738 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
27382832884814306225…29955695533412599681
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.738 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
27382832884814306225…29955695533412599681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.476 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
54765665769628612451…59911391066825199361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.095 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10953133153925722490…19822782133650398721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.190 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
21906266307851444980…39645564267300797441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.381 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
43812532615702889960…79291128534601594881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.762 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
87625065231405779921…58582257069203189761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.752 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
17525013046281155984…17164514138406379521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.505 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
35050026092562311968…34329028276812759041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.010 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
70100052185124623937…68658056553625518081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.402 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
14020010437024924787…37316113107251036161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,707,091 XPM·at block #6,807,881 · updates every 60s
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