Block #482,035

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/9/2014, 6:26:28 AM · Difficulty 10.5391 · 6,327,122 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ce1b7dcbad630ee77515746ac0cb7803dfa2a2ab20d20ec40d44a6fa270b234f

Height

#482,035

Difficulty

10.539140

Transactions

10

Size

10.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a8a051a

Nonce

110,707

Timestamp

4/9/2014, 6:26:28 AM

Confirmations

6,327,122

Merkle Root

9bfa69ac10d950093695f2557df844a760c92eb60323a95a21893e970cff46e1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.786 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27866702135868397459…76183895924998348799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.786 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27866702135868397459…76183895924998348799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.786 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27866702135868397459…76183895924998348801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.573 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55733404271736794919…52367791849996697599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.573 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55733404271736794919…52367791849996697601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.114 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11146680854347358983…04735583699993395199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.114 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11146680854347358983…04735583699993395201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.229 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22293361708694717967…09471167399986790399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.229 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22293361708694717967…09471167399986790401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.458 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44586723417389435935…18942334799973580799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.458 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44586723417389435935…18942334799973580801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,717,317 XPM·at block #6,809,156 · updates every 60s
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