Block #481,722

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/9/2014, 1:45:21 AM · Difficulty 10.5358 · 6,332,755 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
40181775783d2f271449e3ab186582c1a562d127b8161f9c76c404fdeb3add4b

Height

#481,722

Difficulty

10.535828

Transactions

6

Size

1.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a892c0d

Nonce

78,215,111

Timestamp

4/9/2014, 1:45:21 AM

Confirmations

6,332,755

Merkle Root

6a4c7325c5788fa87b30c0d0ff2654c9a9a952eacd30eca1b4f42b1365cb73ca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.993 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19933720772798941577…84610789875177372451
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.993 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19933720772798941577…84610789875177372451
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.986 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39867441545597883154…69221579750354744901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.973 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79734883091195766309…38443159500709489801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.594 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15946976618239153261…76886319001418979601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.189 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31893953236478306523…53772638002837959201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.378 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63787906472956613047…07545276005675918401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.275 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12757581294591322609…15090552011351836801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25515162589182645219…30181104022703673601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.103 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
51030325178365290438…60362208045407347201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.020 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10206065035673058087…20724416090814694401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,759,891 XPM·at block #6,814,476 · updates every 60s
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