Block #481,017

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/8/2014, 3:27:33 PM · Difficulty 10.5273 · 6,323,044 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
dbf78742bae32f71eeb6b8b38381199cdb3527980c90d32a3ee89446835d3cac

Height

#481,017

Difficulty

10.527290

Transactions

4

Size

885 B

Version

2

Bits

0a86fc82

Nonce

26,939,059

Timestamp

4/8/2014, 3:27:33 PM

Confirmations

6,323,044

Merkle Root

58f270525b5c631cbaa1b64d30cabdc4dc130252bf3b039a0fd5e93d43200087
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.009 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20092200055863497125…66460031594714567021
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.009 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20092200055863497125…66460031594714567021
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.018 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40184400111726994251…32920063189429134041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.036 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
80368800223453988503…65840126378858268081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.607 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16073760044690797700…31680252757716536161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.214 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
32147520089381595401…63360505515433072321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.429 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
64295040178763190802…26721011030866144641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.285 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12859008035752638160…53442022061732289281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.571 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25718016071505276320…06884044123464578561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.143 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
51436032143010552641…13768088246929157121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.028 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10287206428602110528…27536176493858314241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,676,544 XPM·at block #6,804,060 · updates every 60s
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