Block #476,859

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/6/2014, 2:56:09 AM · Difficulty 10.4742 · 6,330,012 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d9fa0adad0b16a635c6397d69f10cbd790f88b3ec92b3d390fc4b2be2718191e

Height

#476,859

Difficulty

10.474155

Transactions

3

Size

1.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a79623e

Nonce

2,527,364

Timestamp

4/6/2014, 2:56:09 AM

Confirmations

6,330,012

Merkle Root

95ac0addec3bb17b558a6932411f4b33f74ea0a747ca7c8a449b1b2e6975e55d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.160 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61601092144739285636…45821226660533594701
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.160 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61601092144739285636…45821226660533594701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.232 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12320218428947857127…91642453321067189401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.464 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24640436857895714254…83284906642134378801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.928 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49280873715791428509…66569813284268757601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
9.856 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
98561747431582857018…33139626568537515201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.971 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19712349486316571403…66279253137075030401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.942 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
39424698972633142807…32558506274150060801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.884 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
78849397945266285614…65117012548300121601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.576 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15769879589053257122…30234025096600243201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.153 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31539759178106514245…60468050193200486401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,699,075 XPM·at block #6,806,870 · updates every 60s
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