Block #475,988

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/5/2014, 1:30:47 PM · Difficulty 10.4669 · 6,330,409 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
f4586043dfab96193feff9a5c30a2001f94d597db71f48489eb2ca214d265cb4

Height

#475,988

Difficulty

10.466943

Transactions

1

Size

866 B

Version

2

Bits

0a77898c

Nonce

33,098

Timestamp

4/5/2014, 1:30:47 PM

Confirmations

6,330,409

Merkle Root

dd5876968d6ff14ddb7ce2bb95a574da8caebbdde739d0fc4aebc089e9972463
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.332 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13323551996976035741…44483941700452380721
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.332 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13323551996976035741…44483941700452380721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.664 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
26647103993952071483…88967883400904761441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.329 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
53294207987904142966…77935766801809522881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.065 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10658841597580828593…55871533603619045761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.131 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21317683195161657186…11743067207238091521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.263 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
42635366390323314373…23486134414476183041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.527 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
85270732780646628746…46972268828952366081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.705 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17054146556129325749…93944537657904732161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.410 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34108293112258651498…87889075315809464321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.821 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68216586224517302997…75778150631618928641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,695,268 XPM·at block #6,806,396 · updates every 60s
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