Block #475,562

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 4/5/2014, 7:34:45 AM · Difficulty 10.4590 · 6,328,108 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
10e0c83b693b5d27491757c98ceedc57159ea0141deb53bc569370e6d4638e06

Height

#475,562

Difficulty

10.458998

Transactions

2

Size

447 B

Version

2

Bits

0a7580e7

Nonce

102,623

Timestamp

4/5/2014, 7:34:45 AM

Confirmations

6,328,108

Merkle Root

311b1edb3f1d21dee67d2c681e8b03abf86eff29644bf46292d214887f540adb
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.625 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16252736182689392566…87865539200341037441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.625 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16252736182689392566…87865539200341037441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.250 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
32505472365378785133…75731078400682074881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.501 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
65010944730757570266…51462156801364149761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.300 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13002188946151514053…02924313602728299521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.600 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26004377892303028106…05848627205456599041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.200 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
52008755784606056213…11697254410913198081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.040 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10401751156921211242…23394508821826396161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.080 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20803502313842422485…46789017643652792321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.160 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41607004627684844970…93578035287305584641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.321 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
83214009255369689941…87156070574611169281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,673,396 XPM·at block #6,803,669 · updates every 60s
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