Block #468,778

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/31/2014, 5:50:57 PM · Difficulty 10.4332 · 6,347,186 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ffedb302f1c6960c61d01bb86f4fa6527e11b979424b83c2edeeb1fc08f496a7

Height

#468,778

Difficulty

10.433159

Transactions

1

Size

1005 B

Version

2

Bits

0a6ee38a

Nonce

146,708

Timestamp

3/31/2014, 5:50:57 PM

Confirmations

6,347,186

Merkle Root

c55685ebe4879fa557e5aa28a5c57a05ea196e8f22b2a73fede23678f6f6df02
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.390 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
83901088904708284421…43559320993614339201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.390 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
83901088904708284421…43559320993614339201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.678 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16780217780941656884…87118641987228678401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.356 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33560435561883313768…74237283974457356801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.712 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
67120871123766627537…48474567948914713601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.342 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13424174224753325507…96949135897829427201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.684 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
26848348449506651014…93898271795658854401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.369 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
53696696899013302029…87796543591317708801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.073 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10739339379802660405…75593087182635417601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.147 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21478678759605320811…51186174365270835201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.295 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42957357519210641623…02372348730541670401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,771,827 XPM·at block #6,815,963 · updates every 60s
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