Block #467,589

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/30/2014, 9:34:30 PM · Difficulty 10.4358 · 6,327,455 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
22d8a7884d7350c5c2f0f71ffa73cdd192a82b13cd369cd190842e635796b15a

Height

#467,589

Difficulty

10.435828

Transactions

32

Size

7.94 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6f9269

Nonce

196,564

Timestamp

3/30/2014, 9:34:30 PM

Confirmations

6,327,455

Merkle Root

25c22be6d12c20409a14941f0482386249e516f9697a70130a49a7d139d240db
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.624 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76244490642687583598…09436789974198984959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.624 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76244490642687583598…09436789974198984959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.624 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76244490642687583598…09436789974198984961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.524 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15248898128537516719…18873579948397969919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.524 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15248898128537516719…18873579948397969921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.049 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30497796257075033439…37747159896795939839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.049 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30497796257075033439…37747159896795939841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.099 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
60995592514150066879…75494319793591879679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.099 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
60995592514150066879…75494319793591879681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.219 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12199118502830013375…50988639587183759359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.219 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12199118502830013375…50988639587183759361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,604,391 XPM·at block #6,795,043 · updates every 60s
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