Block #466,903

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/30/2014, 10:59:22 AM · Difficulty 10.4297 · 6,375,561 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2c5e3640f06f02004557ba672d4787e10871b0162763f3bbac8f64023b3009f5

Height

#466,903

Difficulty

10.429735

Transactions

15

Size

3.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6e031f

Nonce

134,219,257

Timestamp

3/30/2014, 10:59:22 AM

Confirmations

6,375,561

Merkle Root

a9c1a3cdef02792590dbb9500348e743786ed88938eafde3336e3608e8740daf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.413 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24131544803393578514…82537515191899358319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.413 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24131544803393578514…82537515191899358319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.413 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24131544803393578514…82537515191899358321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.826 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48263089606787157028…65075030383798716639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.826 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48263089606787157028…65075030383798716641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.652 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96526179213574314057…30150060767597433279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.652 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96526179213574314057…30150060767597433281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.930 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19305235842714862811…60300121535194866559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.930 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19305235842714862811…60300121535194866561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.861 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38610471685429725623…20600243070389733119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.861 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38610471685429725623…20600243070389733121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,984,130 XPM·at block #6,842,463 · updates every 60s
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