Block #466,887

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/30/2014, 10:46:23 AM · Difficulty 10.4294 · 6,328,036 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
480950d5e4d44b325e6fd809ebcf69e5ed49aa297dd6b02e603ba3153e89d47f

Height

#466,887

Difficulty

10.429373

Transactions

6

Size

2.69 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6deb67

Nonce

46,407,729

Timestamp

3/30/2014, 10:46:23 AM

Confirmations

6,328,036

Merkle Root

2d584e487b2a7735e2f9eeb8d5884320f064d3fa2ce8a4e11f0a4bca0a8d5c14
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.843 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18433734599422417892…08652749161352430799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.843 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18433734599422417892…08652749161352430799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.843 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18433734599422417892…08652749161352430801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.686 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36867469198844835784…17305498322704861599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.686 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36867469198844835784…17305498322704861601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.373 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73734938397689671569…34610996645409723199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.373 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73734938397689671569…34610996645409723201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14746987679537934313…69221993290819446399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14746987679537934313…69221993290819446401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.949 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29493975359075868627…38443986581638892799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.949 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29493975359075868627…38443986581638892801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,416 XPM·at block #6,794,922 · updates every 60s
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