Block #466,827

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/30/2014, 9:55:17 AM · Difficulty 10.4284 · 6,331,714 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
195bf0a09d1780b821b7013a3ecbec7ef1ccb2954c9bec8aac75f6c9eea562d2

Height

#466,827

Difficulty

10.428359

Transactions

10

Size

3.15 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6da8f4

Nonce

2,863

Timestamp

3/30/2014, 9:55:17 AM

Confirmations

6,331,714

Merkle Root

626690f73677e18a665bee45d1ed7c1caf00906df83638546133107944b19252
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.767 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27675685956272282111…79298268439220643599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.767 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27675685956272282111…79298268439220643599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.767 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27675685956272282111…79298268439220643601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.535 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55351371912544564222…58596536878441287199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.535 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55351371912544564222…58596536878441287201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.107 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11070274382508912844…17193073756882574399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.107 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11070274382508912844…17193073756882574401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.214 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22140548765017825688…34386147513765148799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.214 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22140548765017825688…34386147513765148801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.428 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44281097530035651377…68772295027530297599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.428 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44281097530035651377…68772295027530297601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,632,341 XPM·at block #6,798,540 · updates every 60s
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