Block #459,538

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/25/2014, 9:24:37 AM · Difficulty 10.4179 · 6,349,485 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ea91fe948be080226307a923c23248c3f478d02fcc4ead2c9d3feff25a77955d

Height

#459,538

Difficulty

10.417942

Transactions

5

Size

1.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6afe38

Nonce

146,686

Timestamp

3/25/2014, 9:24:37 AM

Confirmations

6,349,485

Merkle Root

5884574c8eca87451ca2dde58b193321f501c60bdb8668525c7ec4021a0a17d0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.941 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99416825221753290999…95819931258173262001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.941 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99416825221753290999…95819931258173262001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.988 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19883365044350658199…91639862516346524001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.976 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39766730088701316399…83279725032693048001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.953 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
79533460177402632799…66559450065386096001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.590 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15906692035480526559…33118900130772192001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.181 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31813384070961053119…66237800261544384001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.362 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63626768141922106239…32475600523088768001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12725353628384421247…64951201046177536001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.545 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25450707256768842495…29902402092355072001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.090 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50901414513537684991…59804804184710144001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.018 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10180282902707536998…19609608369420288001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,716,247 XPM·at block #6,809,022 · updates every 60s
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