Block #459,102

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/25/2014, 1:57:34 AM · Difficulty 10.4186 · 6,339,049 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ceee1c703397ccddf4507803b45a327bd4aacda7d4656f990927d0b67963cd6c

Height

#459,102

Difficulty

10.418555

Transactions

1

Size

1.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6b2672

Nonce

58,162

Timestamp

3/25/2014, 1:57:34 AM

Confirmations

6,339,049

Merkle Root

653a1d19a52315f0065ad691b89517d24a9a6c3e3706622d7761af5daed7f253
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.084 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30846365896174418596…62165001501330057201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.084 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30846365896174418596…62165001501330057201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.169 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
61692731792348837192…24330003002660114401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.233 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12338546358469767438…48660006005320228801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.467 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24677092716939534876…97320012010640457601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.935 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49354185433879069753…94640024021280915201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.870 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98708370867758139507…89280048042561830401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.974 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19741674173551627901…78560096085123660801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.948 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39483348347103255802…57120192170247321601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.896 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78966696694206511605…14240384340494643201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.579 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15793339338841302321…28480768680989286401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,629,207 XPM·at block #6,798,150 · updates every 60s
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