Block #457,780

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/24/2014, 3:36:45 AM · Difficulty 10.4200 · 6,338,690 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
bebd85cac1d81a15359f4bbcc3c54c033fc074f3783625eb8eee46a0cc3b896a

Height

#457,780

Difficulty

10.419960

Transactions

2

Size

1.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6b827a

Nonce

370,675

Timestamp

3/24/2014, 3:36:45 AM

Confirmations

6,338,690

Merkle Root

58b92bcf3d4a02b2e6ed8aa2762d33dab2646e2b90b9da81763938f2bfe65149
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.589 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45898559431513554169…32774337893746155521
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.589 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45898559431513554169…32774337893746155521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.179 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
91797118863027108338…65548675787492311041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.835 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18359423772605421667…31097351574984622081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.671 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36718847545210843335…62194703149969244161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.343 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73437695090421686670…24389406299938488321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.468 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14687539018084337334…48778812599876976641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.937 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29375078036168674668…97557625199753953281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.875 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
58750156072337349336…95115250399507906561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.175 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11750031214467469867…90230500799015813121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.350 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23500062428934939734…80461001598031626241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,615,758 XPM·at block #6,796,469 · updates every 60s
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