Block #455,967

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/22/2014, 9:36:47 PM · Difficulty 10.4169 · 6,350,995 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
bbadccdfa648c529c6e024135b359bf22626cfd37186a12f12d01ae52d92d41d

Height

#455,967

Difficulty

10.416939

Transactions

2

Size

1.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6abc7e

Nonce

32,958

Timestamp

3/22/2014, 9:36:47 PM

Confirmations

6,350,995

Merkle Root

e5d262fec0f7550c316536d234c5426024bc9d893c77e7b6d94b95f123a829b2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.094 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10946515404534714792…33060367217387919361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.094 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10946515404534714792…33060367217387919361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.189 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21893030809069429584…66120734434775838721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.378 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43786061618138859168…32241468869551677441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.757 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
87572123236277718337…64482937739103354881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.751 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17514424647255543667…28965875478206709761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.502 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
35028849294511087335…57931750956413419521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.005 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
70057698589022174670…15863501912826839041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.401 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14011539717804434934…31727003825653678081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.802 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
28023079435608869868…63454007651307356161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.604 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
56046158871217739736…26908015302614712321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,699,795 XPM·at block #6,806,961 · updates every 60s
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