Block #45,204

2CCLength 8★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/15/2013, 2:03:42 AM · Difficulty 8.7482 · 6,772,622 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
9d406d343c499bfb33546719290c728ec1678eef0001f0fe86cee25f79b7aca9

Height

#45,204

Difficulty

8.748180

Transactions

2

Size

361 B

Version

2

Bits

08bf88b9

Nonce

444

Timestamp

7/15/2013, 2:03:42 AM

Confirmations

6,772,622

Merkle Root

b983782449fc7b81c9071eb52de77efe7f95f7d23313ff90ab53862f1a597956
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out13.0600 XPM110 B
1 in → 1 out14.3100 XPM158 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.859 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
38599461703557355916…31284758561131683201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.859 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
38599461703557355916…31284758561131683201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.719 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
77198923407114711833…62569517122263366401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.543 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
15439784681422942366…25139034244526732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.087 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
30879569362845884733…50278068489053465601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.175 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
61759138725691769466…00556136978106931201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.235 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
12351827745138353893…01112273956213862401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.470 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
24703655490276707786…02224547912427724801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.940 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
49407310980553415573…04449095824855449601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 8 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 8

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,786,672 XPM·at block #6,817,825 · updates every 60s
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