Block #445,987

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/16/2014, 6:29:14 AM · Difficulty 10.3592 · 6,350,915 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
358cd568c4ba690592dff48364a91c3d659eb1d2f1d26f2bd0d53a96adafd350

Height

#445,987

Difficulty

10.359171

Transactions

4

Size

75.82 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5bf2a4

Nonce

342,861

Timestamp

3/16/2014, 6:29:14 AM

Confirmations

6,350,915

Merkle Root

84064fbb611e6e8443c7f37da7164d427fb7569d132a41f42c68a3449ca2c37a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.235 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92351423359547380494…45373260859103880441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.235 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92351423359547380494…45373260859103880441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.847 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18470284671909476098…90746521718207760881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.694 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36940569343818952197…81493043436415521761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.388 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73881138687637904395…62986086872831043521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.477 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14776227737527580879…25972173745662087041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.955 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29552455475055161758…51944347491324174081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.910 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59104910950110323516…03888694982648348161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.182 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11820982190022064703…07777389965296696321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.364 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23641964380044129406…15554779930593392641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.728 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47283928760088258813…31109559861186785281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,619,237 XPM·at block #6,796,901 · updates every 60s
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