Block #445,254

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/15/2014, 6:39:42 PM · Difficulty 10.3562 · 6,369,221 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ccd0ddf59c00d9523f2f553d9e57eb972b4422f4fc5772c3b8f451fa5c31073f

Height

#445,254

Difficulty

10.356235

Transactions

4

Size

1.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5b323f

Nonce

255,207

Timestamp

3/15/2014, 6:39:42 PM

Confirmations

6,369,221

Merkle Root

90bacb3d99dc79a122ba2cc964d305edd34e6c31d24d3041db0d23091049592e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.720 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17202556471458584307…97772861362658549761
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.720 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17202556471458584307…97772861362658549761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.440 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34405112942917168615…95545722725317099521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.881 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
68810225885834337231…91091445450634199041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.376 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13762045177166867446…82182890901268398081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.752 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27524090354333734892…64365781802536796161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.504 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
55048180708667469785…28731563605073592321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.100 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11009636141733493957…57463127210147184641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.201 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
22019272283466987914…14926254420294369281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.403 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
44038544566933975828…29852508840588738561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.807 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
88077089133867951656…59705017681177477121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.761 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
17615417826773590331…19410035362354954241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,759,875 XPM·at block #6,814,474 · updates every 60s
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